How to prevent and treat West Nile virus

It wasn't that long ago that Canadians didn't have to worry about West Nile virus. However, since the first report in 2002, the disease has been found in numerous provinces across the country. That's why it's important to know how to recognize West Nile virus, how to prevent it from spreading and what treatments are available.

West Nile virus is a seasonal disease in Canada. People are most susceptible to it from the middle of April to the end of October.

The disease is primarily transmitted through the bite of a mosquito and can sometimes pose a serious health risk.

Even when the West Nile virus has infected them, most people will demonstrate no symptoms.

But, somewhere between 20 to 30 percent of those infected will show noticeable signs of the illness.

Of those who show symptoms, some people will only suffer mild symptoms, such as:

• Fever
• Headache
• Body rashes
• Muscle aches and pains

Approximately 10 percent of people will suffer more serious symptoms, including:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of consciousness
• Coma
• Numbness
• Paralysis
• Long-term mental problems, like confusion or depression
• Muscle coordination problems

In some cases, West Nile virus can also lead to death.

People over the age of 50 are especially susceptible to the virus. Those with compromised immune systems, such as those suffering from HIV/AIDS or people undergoing certain cancer treatments, are also more likely to contract the disease.

As of now, there is no specific vaccine or medication geared towards treating West Nile virus.

For most people, the disease will clear up on its own, but many use over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen to treat symptoms like headache and fever.

For more severe cases of West Nile virus, hospitalization is often required. At the hospital, you may receive an IV, fluids, breathing support and other medical interventions as required.

There is much you can do to reduce your odds of contracting West Nile virus.

The primary way to avoid this disease is to reduce your exposure to mosquitoes.

During the summertime, avoid being outside during dusk and dawn if you can, as these are the periods when mosquitoes are most active.

But, if you are going to be outside, try wearing long sleeves, using insect repellent, and wearing loose-fitting clothing which will make you less attractive to mosquitoes.

Also make sure you fix or replace any screens, windows, or doors inside your home where mosquitoes can squeeze in.

At the same time, removing any standing water on your property can help eliminate mosquitoes. Getting rid of this water helps because it's where mosquitoes lay their eggs. So be sure to get rid of any buckets, tires or other items holding water, and try to keep water from pooling in ditches or other depressed areas.

Ultimately, all of these tips can help you recognize and treat West Nile virus. They might even prevent you from getting it in the first place.

While West Nile virus is new for Canada and still requires more research, you should always exercise caution and be aware of preventative measures to keep yourself and others safe and healthy.